It is now established that the Milky Way is far more extended and of muchgreater mass than was hitherto thought. However, all that is visible of theconstituents of the Milky Way's corona (outer edge), where much of the
galaxy's mass must be located, is a tiny fraction of the coronas mass. Thus, most of the Milky Way's outlying matter must be dark. Why? Three facts are salient. First, dwarf galaxies and globular clusters, intowhich most of the stars of the Milky Way's corona are probably bound, consist mainly of old stars. Second, old stars are not highly luminous. Third, no one has detected in the corona the clouds of gaseous matter such as
hydrogen and carbon monoxide that are characteristic of the bright parts of agalaxy. At present, therefore, the best explanation- though still quite
tentative- for the darkness of the corona is that the corona is composedmainly of old burned 0ut starts.

It is now established that the Milky Way is far more extended and of muchgreater mass than was hitherto thought. However, all that is visible of theconstituents of the Milky Way's corona (outer edge), where much of the
galaxy's mass must be located, is a tiny fraction of the coronas mass. Thus, most of the Milky Way's outlying matter must be dark. Why? Three facts are salient. First, dwarf galaxies and globular clusters, intowhich most of the stars of the Milky Way's corona are probably bound, consist mainly of old stars. Second, old stars are not highly luminous. Third, no one has detected in the corona the clouds of gaseous matter such as
hydrogen and carbon monoxide that are characteristic of the bright parts of agalaxy. At present, therefore, the best explanation- though still quite
tentative- for the darkness of the corona is that the corona is composedmainly of old burned-out stars

The outpouring of contemporary American Indian literature in the last twodecades, often called the Native American Renaissance, represents for manythe first opportunity to experience Native American poetry. The appreciationof traditional oral American Indian literature has been limited, hamperedbypoor translations and by the difficulty even in the rare culturally sensitiveand aesthetically satisfying translation, of completely conveying the
original's verse structure, tone and syntax. By writing in English and experimenting with European literary forms, contemporary American Indian writers have broadened their potential
audience, while clearly retaining many essential characteristics of their
ancestral oral traditions. For example, Pulitzer-prize- winning author N. Scott Momaday's poetry openly treats art and mortality in a manner that
recalls British romantic poetry, while his poetic response to the power of
natural forces recalls Cherokee oral literature. In the same way, his novels, an art form European in origin, display an eloquence that echoes the
oratorical grandeur of the great nineteenth-century American Indian chiefs.

The outpouring of contemporary American Indian literature in the last twodecades, often called the Native American Renaissance, represents for manythe first opportunity to experience Native American poetry. The appreciationof traditional oral American Indian literature has been limited, hamperedbypoor translations and by the difficulty even in the rare culturally sensitiveand aesthetically satisfying translation, of completely conveying the
original's verse structure, tone and syntax. By writing in English and experimenting with European literary forms, contemporary American Indian writers have broadened their potential
audience, while clearly retaining many essential characteristics of their
ancestral oral traditions. For example, Pulitzer-prize- winning author N. Scott Momaday's poetry openly treats art and mortality in a manner that
recalls British romantic poetry, while his poetic response to the power of
natural forces recalls Cherokee oral literature. In the same way, his novels, an art form European in origin, display an eloquence that echoes the
oratorical grandeur of the great nineteenth-century American Indian chiefs.

One advantage of breeding African bees with other bee types (Africanization)may be resistance to the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni, a major threat tomodern beekeeping. In parts of Europe, this mite is (5) devastating
honeybees and killing many colonies despite preventive measures by
beekeeping. But in Brazil Varroa jacobsoni has been present in Africanizedbees since 1972 without the single colony killed, even though beekeepers
there undertook no preventive (10) measures. The mites lay eggs withinthebrood cells of immature bees, and developing mites feed on the hemolymph(blood) of bee pupae. But fewer mites reproduce in Africanized bees thaninEuropean bees. Some researchers point out that this resistance may be related to the
Africanized worker bee's shorter (15) development period, which prevents
some mites from reaching maturity. Recently the mite has become serious
problem in colonies of European bees in North America. Africanizationof
these bees may be the best safeguard against this parasite.

One advantage of breeding African bees with other bee types (Africanization)may be resistance to the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni, a major threat tomodern beekeeping. In parts of Europe, this mite is (5) devastating
honeybees and killing many colonies despite preventive measures by
beekeeping. But in Brazil Varroa jacobsoni has been present in Africanizedbees since 1972 without the single colony killed, even though beekeepers
there undertook no preventive (10) measures. The mites lay eggs withinthebrood cells of immature bees, and developing mites feed on the hemolymph(blood) of bee pupae. But fewer mites reproduce in Africanized bees thaninEuropean bees. Some researchers point out that this resistance may be related to the
Africanized worker bee's shorter (15) development period, which prevents
some mites from reaching maturity. Recently the mite has become serious
problem in colonies of European bees in North America. Africanizationof
these bees may be the best safeguard against this parasite.

National character is not formally considered by social scientists in
discussing economic and social development today. They believe that peoplediffer and that these differences should be taken into account (5) somehow, but they have as yet discovered no way to include such variables in their
formal models of economic and social development. The difficulty lies inthe nature of the data that supposedly define different national characters. Anthropologists and others are on (10) much firmer ground when theyattempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or
village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the
norms that exist in a complex modern nation-state composed of manydisparate groups. The (15) situation is further complicated by the nature of
judgments about characters since such judgments are overly dependent onimpressions and since, furthermore, impressions are usually stated in
qualitative terms, it is impossible to make a reliable comparison betweenthe(20) national characters of two countries.

National character is not formally considered by social scientists in
discussing economic and social development today. They believe that peoplediffer and that these differences should be taken into account (5) somehow, but they have as yet discovered no way to include such variables in their
formal models of economic and social development. The difficulty lies inthe nature of the data that supposedly define different national characters. Anthropologists and others are on (10) much firmer ground when theyattempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or
village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the
norms that exist in a complex modern nation-state composed of manydisparate groups. The (15) situation is further complicated by the nature of
judgments about characters since such judgments are overly dependent onimpressions and since, furthermore, impressions are usually stated in
qualitative terms, it is impossible to make a reliable comparison betweenthe(20) national characters of two countries.

Many philosophers disagree over the definition of morality, but most
disputants fall into one of two categories: egocentrics, who define moralityas the pursuit of selt-fulfillment, and socio(5) centrics, who define moralityas an individual's obligations to society. Where does the truth lie?
Fortunately, the stem of the word "morality" provides some clues. The word"mores" originally referred to the customs of preliterate cultures. (10) Mores, which embodied each culture's ideal principles for governing every citizen, were developed in the belief that the foundation of a community lies inthecultivation of individual powers to be placed in service to the community. (15) These mores were concerned with such skills as food-gathering andwarfare as well as an individual's relationships with others. Thus, I submit "morality" must be concerned with what is honored by the communityat
large. However, self(20) fulfillment is important to morality because
unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, cannot performthe duties
morality assigns them.

Many philosophers disagree over the definition of morality, but most
disputants fall into one of two categories: egocentrics, who define moralityas the pursuit of selt-fulfillment, and socio(5) centrics, who define moralityas an individual's obligations to society. Where does the truth lie?
Fortunately, the stem of the word "morality" provides some clues. The word"mores" originally referred to the customs of preliterate cultures. (10) Mores, which embodied each culture's ideal principles for governing every citizen, were developed in the belief that the foundation of a community lies inthecultivation of individual powers to be placed in service to the community. (15) These mores were concerned with such skills as food-gathering andwarfare as well as an individual's relationships with others. Thus, I submit "morality" must be concerned with what is honored by the communityat
large. However, self(20) fulfillment is important to morality because
unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, cannot performthe duties
morality assigns them.