A recording of the electrical activity of a patient's heart shows that the atriaare contracting regularly and normally, but every few beats the ventricles
fail to contract. Which of the following is probably not functioning properly?                                            A AV node
B Semilunar valve
C Coronary artery
D Pacemaker

The alveoli contain specialised cells that secrete a phospholipoproteincomplex known as pulmonary surfactant. The function of pulmonary
surfactant is:
A To provide some rigidity to the alveoli and prevent lung collapse.                                                           B To decrease the surface tension of the alveoli, making it easier to expand them.                                 C To facilitate the diffusion of O₂ and CO₂ by providing protein channels
through which these gases flow.                                                                                                                           D To provide a sticky surface upon which dust and microbes are trapped and disposed.

Placenta is important as its function is to:
A Exchange oxygen
B Exchange carbon dioxide
C Exchange nutrients
D All A, B & C are correct

A group of ribosomes attached to mRNA is known as?
A Polymer
B Polypeptide
C Polysomes
D Monomer

Proteins and lipids are converted into glycolipids and glycoproteins by adding carbohydrates by?
A Ribosomes
B Cytoplasm
C Golgi apparatus
D Endoplasmic reticulum

The chief cells at the base of the gastric glands secrete the zymogen which is called?
A Trypsinogen
B Pepsin
C Trypsin
D Pepsinogen

In mammalian males, the excretory and reproductive systems share the same:
A Ureter
B Vas deferens
C Urinary bladder
D Urethra

Which part of the alimentary canal does not secrete any digestive enzyme?                                                A Mouth
B Stomach
C Duodenum
D Oesophagus

The function of vocal cords is to help in:
A Voice production
B Energy production
C Glucose production
D Air production

What is a group of 8 cocci bacteria called?
A Diplococci
B Tetrad
C Octococci
D Sarcina

Which of the following statements explains why viruses are only able to multiply in living cells?
A Their binary fission is controlled by host cell genes.                                                                                    B Viruses do not possess the necessary components for self-replication.                                                       C DNA is only able to replicate inside living cells.                                                                                           D They have only enough genetic information for DNA replication.

Glycolipids in the plasma membrane are located at:
A The inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.                                                                                                    B The outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.                                                                                                    C Evenly distributed in the inner and outer leaflets.                                                                                          D Varies to cell types.

A group of interbreeding individuals belonging to a particular species and sharing a common geographic area is called?

A Community
B Family
C Race
D Population

Acetyl co-A is a ------ carbon-containing compound.                                                                                       A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?
A Protein and starch
B Starch and fat
C Fat and cellulose
D Starch and cellulose

The absorption of glycerol, fatty acids, and monoglycerides takes place by the:
A Lymph vessels within the villi.                                                                                                                          B Wall of the stomach.                                                                                                                                              C Colon.                                                                                                                                                                     D Capillaries within the villi.

Inheritance in man is traced by which of the following?
A Mathematical method
B Statistical method
C Genetic method
D Pedigree method

Which of these is not a reflex action?
A Secretion of sweat
B Withdrawal of hand from a hot object
C Flexion due to needle prick
D Blinking of eyes due to strong light

When the gall bladder of a man is removed:
A The effect of bile juice upon food is impaired.

B Acidity continues in the duodenum.                                                                                                                C Fat digestion is not possible.                                                                                                                             D All of the above.

Dental formula of 1/4th part of the oral cavity in an adult man is:
A 2, 1, 2, 3
B 2, 1, 2, 2
C 2, 1, 2, 1
D 2, 2, 2, 3

Which of the following has a morphology of a helical virus?
A TMV
B T4 Phage
C Poxvirus
D Herpes virus

Which of the following is required for learning?
A Medulla
B Thalamus
C Hypothalamus
D Hippocampus

What is not the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
A It cushions the brain.                                                                                                                                           B It protects the central nervous system.                                                                                                           C It increases pressure at the base of the brain.                                                                                               D It fills the subarachnoid space.

The male gonads are known as?
A Testes
B Testosterone
C Ovaries
D Ovum

The idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics was given by:
A Lamark
B Darwin
C Aristotle
D Lyell

Which of the following is the respiratory surface in human beings?
A Lungs
B Alveoli
C Windpipe
D Alveolar duct

What is the oxidation state of phosphorus (P) in H₃PO₄ (Phosphoric acid)?
A) +3
B) +5
C) +4
D) 0

The process in which an ester is converted into a carboxylic acid is
called?
A) Hydrogenation
B) Esterification
C) Hydrolysis
D) Oxidation

What is the hybridization of carbon in ethyne (C₂H₂)?
A) sp³
B) sp²
C) sp
D) None of these

What is the IUPAC name of the compound CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-OH?
A) Methanol
B) Ethanol
C) Propanol
D) Butanol

The process in which a solid directly converts into gas without
passing through the liquid phase is called?
A) Condensation
B) Sublimation
C) Evaporation
D) Crystallization

Which of the following is the functional group of an aldehyde?
A) -OH
B) -COOH
C) -CHO
D) -NH₂

Which of the following is used as a reactant in the dehydrogenation of
alcohols?
A) Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
B) Copper (Cu) or Metal Catalyst
C) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
D) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

The process in which an alkyne is converted into a carboxylic acid is called?
A) Hydrogenation
B) Oxidation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Dehydration

The process in which an ester is converted into an alkane is called?                                                          A) Reduction
B) Esterification
C) Oxidation
D) Hydrolysis

What type of bond is present in NaCl (Sodium Chloride)?
A) Covalent bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Metallic bond
D) Hydrogen bond

Which of the following has the lowest melting point?
A) Ionic compounds
B) Covalent molecular compounds
C) Metallic compounds
D) Network covalent solids

Which transition element is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood?
A) Copper (Cu)
B) Iron (Fe)
C) Zinc (Zn)
D) Chromium (Cr)

What is the hybridization of carbon in ethyne (C₂H₂)?
A) sp³
B) sp²
C) sp
D) None of these

The given structure represents which of the following compounds?  Structure: CH₃-C≡C-CH₃
A) Ethyne
B) Butyne
C) Propene
D) Pentane

The process in which a solid changes directly into gas without passing through the liquid state is called?
A) Evaporation
B) Sublimation
C) Condensation
D) Melting

Which of the following is an aromatic compound?
A) Butane
B) Benzene
C) Alkyne
D) Alcohol

What are the units of the rate constant (k) for a third-order reaction?                                                       A) L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹
B) mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹
C) L² mol⁻² s⁻¹
D) s⁻¹

The amount of energy that is absorbed or released during bond formation or breaking is called?
A) Bond energy
B) Ionic bond
C) Covalent bond
D) Metallic bond

The device in which chemical energy is converted into electrical
energy is called?
A) Galvanic cell
B) Catalytic cell
C) Electric cell
D) Electrolytic cell

What is the standard enthalpy of formation of a compound in its
standard state?
A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Zero
D) Infinite

What is the hybridization of Boron (B) in BF₃ (Boron Trifluoride)?                                                           A) sp³
B) sp²
C) sp
D) None of these

What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle state?
A) No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four
quantum numbers.                                                                                                                                                 B) Electrons in an atom always occupy the highest energy level first.                                                         C) Electrons fill orbitals in increasing order of energy.                                                                                D) Electrons in the same orbital must have the same spin.

Which of the following gases has the highest rate of diffusion?
A) CO₂
B) Ar (Argon)
C) He (Helium)
D) C (Carbon - Solid)

Which of the following best defines sublimation?
A) The process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without
passing through the liquid state.                                                                                                                         B) The process in which a liquid changes into a gas at its boiling point.                                                   C) The process in which a gas changes into a liquid.                                                                                       D) The process in which a solid melts into a liquid

Which of the following types of substances has the lowest melting point?
A) Ionic compounds
B) Covalent network solids
C) Molecular compounds
D) Metallic compounds

Which of the following is a diatomic molecule?
a) Ne
b) O₂
c) P₄
d) CO₂

The process of converting alkynes to alkanes is called:
a) Dehydration
b) Hydrogenation
c) Halogenation
d) Oxidation

Alkyne is converted into alkane by which process?
a) Combustion
b) Hydrogenation
c) Halogenation
d) Oxidation

The radius of the event horizon of a black hole is called:
a) Escape zone
b) Schwarzschild radius
c) Light barrier
d) Photon sphere

If distance between Earth and Sun is doubled, then solar year becomes:
a) 365 days
b) 730 days
c) 1032 days
d) 183 days

A person in an open roof car throws a ball vertically upward while
moving at uniform velocity (air resistance neglected). The ball will land:
a) Behind the car
b) Ahead of the car
c) On the thrower’s hand
d) Outside the car

If kinetic energy is doubled, then momentum becomes:
a) Half
b) Same
c) Doubled
d) Increased by √2

In Young’s Double Slit Experiment, how can the fringe spacing be
increased?
a) Increase slit width
b) Decrease wavelength
c) Increase distance between slits
d) Increase distance between screen and slits

If experimental value is close to the actual value, it is called:
a) Precise
b) Accurate
c) Systematic
d) Relative

In which type of current is the direction same as displacement of charge?                                                  a) AC
b) DC
c) Static
d) Induced

Which metal transports oxygen in blood?
a) Copper
b) Iron
c) Zinc
d) Magnesium

What happens to kinetic energy if velocity is doubled?
a) Doubled
b) Tripled
c) Quadrupled
d) Halved

What does a velocity-time graph represent?
a) Acceleration
b) Displacement
c) Velocity
d) Distance

Car with mass 1000 kg (1 ton) moving at 20 m/s stops with friction force of 600 N. What is the stopping distance?
a) 500 m
b) 400 m
c) 600 m
d) 700 m

Electromagnetic force is stronger than gravitational force.Reason: EMforce dominates interactions in atoms and molecules.                                                                                                                                        a) Both true, reason explains assertion
b) Both true, reason does not explain assertion
c) Assertion true, reason false
d) Both false

If velocity is halved, kinetic energy becomes:
a) Same
b) Half
c) One-fourth
d) Doubled

If velocity is doubled, kinetic energy becomes:
a) Doubled
b) Halved
c) Quadrupled
d) Tripled

A car of mass 1000 kg applies brakes with force 6000 N. Find stopping distance.                                        a) 30 m
b) 33.3 m
c) 40 m
d) 50 m

Artificial satellites use which waves to communicate?
a) Sound waves
b) Infrared waves
c) Microwaves
d) Radio waves

If the radius of Earth is R and an object is thrown upward with half of the escape velocity, then the object will:
a) Escape Earth’s gravity
b) Return back to Earth
c) Revolve around Earth
d) Remain stationary

When light enters glass from air, its energy:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Becomes zero

Which is a scalar quantity?
a) Force
b) Momentum
c) Displacement
d) Work

What happens to drift velocity when temperature increases?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains same
d) Becomes zero

When light passes from air to glass, what happens to energy?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Energy gets absorbed completely

Power is defined as:
a) Energy × Time
b) Force / Distance
c) Work / Time
d) Force × Acceleration

Relaxation time in a conductor is the time between:
a) Collisions of atoms
b) Collisions of electrons
c) Electrical impulses
d) Atomic vibrations

External resistance in a circuit is generally:
a) Zero
b) Equal to internal resistance
c) Less than internal resistance
d) Greater than internal resistance

If temperature increases, what happens to thermal and drift velocity?
a) Both increase
b) Thermal increases, drift decreases
c) Thermal decreases, drift increases
d) Both decrease

When light enters glass from air, its speed:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Becomes zero

The force that acts for a short interval is called:
a) Conservative force
b) Centripetal force
c) Impulsive force
d) Magnetic force

Magnetic field question:
a) Magnetic force is greater than gravitational force
b) Magnetic field does not exist in vacuum
c) Magnetic field is always perpendicular to current
d) Magnetic field is scalar

Displacement-time graph of constant velocity is:
a) Straight line
b) Parabola
c) Hyperbola
d) Ellipse

When velocity of a body is halved, the kinetic energy becomes:
a) Half
b) One fourth
c) Doubled
d) Remains same

If one word is equal to 4 bytes, how many words can be storedin2GB of memory?
A) 250 million
B) 500 million
C) 750 million
D) 1 billion

Which type of memory lasts for the shortest time?
A) RAM (Random Access Memory)
B) Cache Memory
C) Registers
D) Hard Disk

Which type of memory lasts for the shortest time?
A) RAM (Random Access Memory)
B) Cache Memory
C) Registers
D) Hard Disk

How many bits are there in a 4-byte memory?
A) 4 × 8
B) 4 × 16
C) 4 × 32
D) 4 × 64

Which one is used as a delimiter from the following?
A) ; (semicolon)
B) , (comma)
C) {} (curly braces)
D) All of the above

Which pattern is used to find the first 3 characters before 'N'?
A) ###N
B) ***N
C) 3?N
D) ???N

If one word is equal to 8 bytes, how many words are in 4GB?
A) (4 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024) / 8
B) (4 × 1000 × 1000 × 1000) / 8
C) (4 × 1024 × 1000 × 1000) / 8
D) (4 × 1000 × 1024 × 1024) / 8

Which of the following is commonly used to transfer text files?
A) ASCII
B) BCD
C) EBCDIC
D) Unicode

A four-letter word that ends with 'N' can be represented by which pattern?
A) ***n
B) ###n
C) ???n
D) ___n

Which statement is true about getc()?
A) getc() is used to read a single character from a file.                                                                                  B) getc() is used to write a character to a file.                                                                                                  C) getc() reads an entire string from the file.                                                                                                   D) getc() is used to close a file.

. A company assigns employee IDs where a manager’s ID starts with 'M' (e.g., M1234) and a regular employee’s ID starts with 'E' (e.g., E567). Which type of identification scheme is being used?
A) Alphanumeric
B) Numeric
C) Alphabetic
D) Random Scheming

1 Megabyte (MB) is equal to how many Kilobytes (KB)?
A) 100 KB
B) 512 KB
C) 1024 KB
D) 2048 KB

Which memory has the shortest access time?
A) Cache Memory
B) SSD (Solid State Drive)
C) Virtual Memory
D) RAM (Random Access Memory)

Which memory loses data when the power supply is turned off?
A) Flash Memory
B) RAM
C) ROM
D) SSD

Find x if 240 MB = x KB, where 1 MB = 1024 KB.                                                                                          A) 240 × 1000 KB
B) 240 × 1024 KB
C) 240 ÷ 1024 KB
D) 240 + 1024 KB

If a word is of 8 bytes, then how many words are there in 4 MB?
A) (4 × 1024 × 1024) / 8
B) (4 × 1000 × 1000) / 8
C) (4 × 1024 × 1000) / 8
D) (4 × 1000 × 1024) / 8

Which conversion is primarily used for text file conversion?
A) BCD
B) EBCDIC
C) ASCII
D) UNICODE

BCD supports characters of:
A) 4-bit
B) 8-bit
C) 16-bit
D) None

7-bit ASCII code supports how many character combinations?
A) 128 combinations
B) 256 combinations
C) 65,536 combinations

Which memory is known for short access time?
A) RAM
B) Hard Disk
C) Flash Memory
D) CD-ROM

In the string "I love Pakistan", at which index is 'P'?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8

Which of the following best defines Half-Duplex communication?                                                            A) Data can be transmitted in both directions, but not at the same time.                                                  B) Data can only be transmitted in one direction.                                                                                             C) Data can be transmitted in both directions simultaneously.                                                                     D) None of the above.

Which of the following best defines a Full-Duplex communication system?
A) Data can be transmitted in both directions but not at the same time.                                                  B) Data can be transmitted only in one direction.                                                                                           C) Data can be transmitted in both directions simultaneously.                                                                  D) None of the above.

Which type of error does not appear in the program but occurs during compilation or execution?
A) Syntax Error
B) Logical Error
C) Runtime Error
D) Semantic Error

What are custom packages?
A) Pre-built software solutions available for general use.                                                                             B) Software designed according to user-specific requirements.                                                                  C) A collection of predefined libraries in programming.                                                                               D) A type of system software.

Custom packages are:
A) Pre-built software solutions available for general use.                                                                             B) Software designed according to user-specific requirements.                                                                   C) A collection of predefined libraries in a computer.                                                                                  D) A type of system software.

Built-in packages are:
A) Predefined packages available in the computer.                                                                                        B) Packages designed according to user requirements.                                                                                 C) User-created libraries for specific tasks.                                                                                                     D) A type of system driver.

If we want to store a word that ends with the letter 'n' in C language, which symbol is used?
A) #
B) &
C) %
D) @

Media access control is part of which OSI layer?
A) Physical Layer
B) Data Link Layer
C) Network Layer
D) Transport Layer

If 4 bytes make up a word, how many words are there in 2GB?
A) (2 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024) / 4
B) (2 × 1000 × 1000 × 1000) / 4
C) (2 × 1024 × 1000 × 1000) / 4
D) (2 × 1000 × 1024 × 1024) / 4

What is the purpose of delimiters {} in programming?
A) To define blocks of code
B) To separate statements
C) To indicate comments
D) To store values in variables

Which of these is the right combination of molecules which make up thesecondary cell wall in plant cells?
A) Cellulose, lignin and xylem
B) Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
C) Cellulose only
D) Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin

Carbon dioxide passes through the plasma membrane of cells by:
A) Active transport
B) Phagocytosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Simple diffusion

What is the change in the resting potential when a neuron fires a nerve
impulse?
A) It becomes more negative moving from cell body to the axon
B) It becomes more positive moving from the cell body to the axon
C) It becomes more negative moving from the axon to the cell body
D) It becomes more positive moving from the axon to the cell body

Human immunodeficiency virus attacks which of the following cells for its multiplication?
A) Neutrophils
B) Macrophages
C) Cytotoxic T cells
D) Helper T cells

Which of the following is a typical symptom of AIDS?
A) Sudden weight loss
B) Active immune function
C) Vision impairment
D) Kaposi’s Sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer

Phenotypic ratio of the law of independent assortment of genes:
A) 9:7
B) 13:3
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 15:1

Where can viruses replicate?
A) Animals
B) Plants
C) Bacteria
D) All

Cell turgidity is caused by:
A) Endosmosis
B) Exosmosis
C) Plasmolysis
D) Active transport

Which of the following blood group is always heterozygous?
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O