Which of the following is a temporary memory?
A) ROM
B) HDD
C) RAM
D) SSD

Which register is used for input or output functions?
A) MBR (Memory Buffer Register)
B) MAR (Memory Address Register)
C) IR (Instruction Register)
D) Yad Nahi (Incorrect Option)

Which loads memory faster?
A) RAM
B) Cache Memory
C) Hard Disk
D) Virtual Memory

Clients/Systems are connected to a single hub in which network topology?                                            A) Bus Topology
B) Ring Topology
C) Star Topology
D) Mesh Topology

What does an alphanumeric value store?
A) Integers
B) Real numbers
C) Digits and Integers
D) Alphabets and Digits

Which one is correct if the last digit/alphabet is 'N'?
A) * * * * N
B) ? ? ? ? N
C) X X X N
D) ?! N

In C programming, which format specifier is used to represent an integer
variable in printf () and scanf () functions?
A) %x
B) %d
C) %f
D) %c

What could be a possible consequence if an unauthorized user gains
access to a company's system?
A) The company renews four times.                                                                                                                   B) The company is in loss.                                                                                                                                   C) The company gains profit.                                                                                                                             D) The company improves security.

Which of the following correctly represents types of numeric values?                                                       A) Real, Imaginary, Integer
B) String, Character, Boolean
C) Symbolic, Logical, Textual
D) Hexadecimal, Binary, Octal

What is custom-built software?
A) Software developed for a specific user or organization
B) Pre-packaged software for general use
C) Software that is free and open-source
D) A type of system software like an operating system

What is application software?
A) Software designed to perform specific user tasks
B) Software that controls hardware and system operations
C) A type of software used only for networking
D) Software that operates without a user interface

What happens when getc() reaches the end of a file in C?
A) It returns 0
B) It returns EOF (-1)
C) It throws an error
D) It stops reading without returning any value

In which layer does data compression occur in the OSI model?
A) Physical Layer
B) Network Layer
C) Presentation Layer
D) Transport Layer

Which printf statement is used to print the address of a variable inC?                                                      A) printf("%d", &var);
B) printf("%p", &var);
C) printf("%f", &var);
D) printf("%c", &var);

Which format specifier is used for a pointer variable in C?
A) %d
B) %f
C) %p
D) %c

Which of the following is not a system software?
A) Operating System
B) Compiler
C) Device Driver
D) Games

Which of the following creates a connection between the user and theoperating system?
A) Compiler
B) Device Driver
C) User Interface
D) Firmware

Which of the following creates a connection between the user and the operating system?
A) Compiler
B) Device Driver
C) User Interface
D) Firmware

Which one is the most flexible data model?
A) Hierarchical Model
B) Network Model
C) Relational Model
D) Object-Oriented Model

Which of the following defines different levels of data abstraction?
A) Internal, External, Conceptual
B) Physical, Logical, View
C) Hierarchical, Relational, Network
D) Schema, Subschema, Instance

Ibn Khaldun, a 14th-century scholar, is considered one of the founders of sociology. He emphasized the role of social cohesion, or asabiyya, in the rise and fall of civilizations. Asabiyya refers to the group solidarity that bind people together and gives them a sense of common purpose.

According to Ibn Khaldun, what is essential for the rise and fall of civilizations?                                      A. Technological advancements
B. Strong leadership
C. Social cohesion (asabiyya)
D. Geographic location

Enzymes act as:
A) Reactants
B) Catalysts
C) Products
D) Inhibitors

The Lock and Key Model of enzyme activity suggests that:
A) Enzymes can bind to any substrate
B) Each enzyme has a specific substrate
C) Enzymes are permanently altered after the reaction
D) Enzymes work only at high temperatures

Which factor does NOT affect enzyme activity?
A) Temperature
B) pH
C) Enzyme concentration
D) Atomic number

The Induced Fit Model states that:
A) The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate
B) The substrate changes shape to fit the enzyme
C) Enzymes work only on one reaction
D) Enzymes do not change during the reaction

What are the building blocks of proteins?
A. Fatty acids
B. Nucleic acids
C. Amino acids
D. Carbohydrates

When the soil is developed enough to support the growth of woody plants, the stage is called:
A. Herb stage
B. Shrub stage
C. Forest (climax) stage
D. Pioneer stage

The thickness of the gram-negative cell wall of bacteria is:
A. 20–80 nm
B. 10–20 nm
C. 8–10 nm
D. 50–100 nm

Prototheria, Eutheria, and Metatheria are sub-classes of the class:
A. Mammalia
B. Reptilia
C. Amphibia
D. Aves

Which of the following is a freshwater sponge?
A. Euplectella
B. Spongilla
C. Leucosolenia
D. Sycon

Which group has cleavage that forms cells along the axis, one on top of the other, and its fate is not determined?
A. Spiral & Indeterminate
B. Spiral & Determinate
C. Radial & Indeterminate
D. Radial & Determinate

Which of the following is an example of a cephalopod?
A. Octopus
B. Starfish
C. Earthworm
D. Hydra

Prototheria and Metatheria belong to which class?
A. Reptilia
B. Amphibia
C. Mammalia
D. Aves

The behavior developed due to repeated response to a diminished stimulus is called:
A. Sensitization
B. Conditioning
C. Habituation
D. Adaptation

The bacterial death rate becomes equal to the reproduction and
multiplication rate during which phase?
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Decline phase

Which type of algae incorporates calcium carbonate in their cell walls from the ocean and participates in building coral reefs?
A. Red algae
B. Green algae
C. Blue algae
D. Brown algae

_______ is a serious lung infection caused by inhaling spores of a fungus
commonly found in soil contaminated with bird feces.                                                                                    A. Ringworm
B. Histoplasmosis
C. Aspergillosis
D. Ergotism

_______ ecosystems are found in Gilgit, Kashmir, Waziristan, Lower
Chitral, and North Kallat.                                                                                                                                     A. Grassland
B. Alpine and Boreal
C. Desert
D. Tundra

Which of the following affects enzyme action?
a) Enzyme concentration and pressure
b) Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, pH, and temperature
c) Enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, pressure
d) Enzyme concentration, temperature, composition of mechanism

Which of the following is a micronutrient?
a) Calcium
b) Phosphorus
c) Iron
d) Sulphur

Blocking of vessel due to embolus causing cell death or necrosis in brain is known as:
a) Heart attack
b) Stroke
c) Haemorrhage

A serious infection of lungs caused by inhaling spores of a soil fungus is:
a) Histoplasmosis
b) Ergotism

When substrate binds with enzyme, changes occur in the structure of the enzyme to start catalytic function/action. The model is called:
a) Fluid mosaic model
b) Lock-key model
c) Signal transduction model
d) Induced-fit model

RNA is synthesized from DNA in the ______ and transported to/through______ to synthesize proteins.                                                                                                                                                                    a) Cytoplasm – nucleus
b) Nucleus – vacuole
c) Nucleus – cytoplasm
d) Mitochondria – cytoplasm

Chlorophyll and Haemoglobin have the same haem group. The only
difference is that:
a) Chlorophyll contains Mg²⁺, Haem of blood contains Fe²⁺
b) Chlorophyll contains Fe²⁺, Haem contains Mg²⁺
c) Chlorophyll contains Ca²⁺, Haem contains Na⁺
d) Chlorophyll contains Zn²⁺, Haem contains Fe²⁺

__________ is behaviour in which animals learn to avoid a stimulus byrepeating stimulus.           a) Latent learning
b) Habituation
c) Instinct learning
d) Insight learning

The phase where bacterial cell death rate becomes equal to bacterial cell
birth/formulation rate is:
a) Lag phase
b) Log phase
c) Stationary phase
d) Phase decline phase

Nutrition through dead, decaying organic matter or dead plants is called:
a) Saprotrophic mode
b) Parasitic mode
c) Autotrophic mode
d) Holozoic mode

The attraction between molecules of water to form a strong string-like steel
wire is known as:
a) Adhesion
b) Surface tension
c) Capillary action
d) Osmosis

Its function is to force food from the pharynx to the stomach:
a) Esophagus
b) Trachea
c) Larynx
d) Epiglottis

The site of exchange is:
a) Capillaries
b) Arteries
c) Veins
d) Arteries and veins

Find torque: Force = 2 N, Length = 0.5 m
A) 1 Nm
B) 0.25 Nm
C) 2.5 Nm
D) 4 Nm

Find force: Torque = 4 Nm, Length = 0.2 m
A) 10 N
B) 20 N
C) 8 N
D) 2 N

Newton's Second Law relates:
A) Force and mass
B) Acceleration and time
C) Momentum and acceleration
D) Displacement and velocity

If kinetic energy doubles, then momentum becomes:
A) Half
B) Same
C) √2 times
D) Double

A person throws a ball from a moving car. The ball will:
A) Stay in the car
B) Land ahead of car
C) Land behind the car
D) Land outside the car

When a car moves on a slippery road, the responsible force is:
A) Frictional force
B) Centripetal force
C) Air resistance
D) Normal force

Stress in solids is defined as:
A) Strain per unit volume
B) Force per unit area
C) Pressure per unit mass
D) Energy per unit volume

If potential energy is doubled, then:
A) Kinetic energy doubles
B) Momentum doubles
C) Both kinetic energy and momentum double
D) No change

A man throws a ball in open car, neglecting air resistance, ball will fall:
A) Outside car
B) Behind the car
C) Back in hand
D) Beyond car

Constant velocity implies:
A) No motion
B) Static equilibrium
C) Dynamic equilibrium
D) Rotational motion

Efficiency of a machine depends on:
A) Type of load
B) Friction
C) Power supply
D) Shape of machine

To increase fringe width in YDSE, you should:
A) Increase slit separation
B) Decrease slit separation
C) Increase screen distance
D) Decrease screen distance

If kinetic energy is doubled, momentum becomes:
A) √2 times
B) 2 times
C) Same
D) Half

Solid sphere and hollow sphere with same radius, higher moment of
inertia is for:
A) Both same
B) Solid sphere
C) Hollow sphere
D) Depends on mass

When a car turns, we move from position due to:
A) Frictional force
B) Inertia
C) Restoring force
D) Driving force

If Earth-Sun distance doubles, duration of 1 year becomes:
A) 365 days
B) 366 days
C) 730 days
D) 1095 days

On heating, resistance of semiconductor:
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Remains same
D) First increases then decreases

To increase fringe thickness in YDSE:
A) Decrease screen distance
B) Increase screen distance
C) Increase wavelength
D) Increase slit distance

In which of these force has no effect?
A) Linear motion
B) Uniform acceleration
C) Moment
D) Uniform motion

In a uniformly moving car, ball thrown upwards will land:
A) On person’s hand
B) In front of car
C) Behind the car
D) Outside car

Outward feeling in turning car is due to:
A) Gravity
B) Centripetal force
C) Friction
D) Inertia

Potentiometer measures EMF accurately because:
A) Measures in closed circuit
B) Measures in open circuit
C) Uses galvanometer
D) Uses ammeter

If Earth-Sun distance doubles, year duration becomes:
A) 365 days
B) 730 days
C) 1032 days
D) 366 days

What are black holes?
A) Collapsing comets
B) Dense neutron stars
C) Regions with no gravity
D) Massive collapsed stars

If Sun-Earth distance doubles, year becomes:
A) 1032 days
B) 720 days
C) 365 days
D) 500 days

More heat is produced in a wire when:
A) Length is doubled
B) Radius is doubled
C) Length & radius are doubled
D) Radius & length are halved

Hitting a stone causes pain due to:
A) Inertia
B) Momentum
C) Weight
D) Reaction force

The exchange particle in electromagnetic force is:
A) Graviton
B) Gluon
C) Photon
D) Neutrino

Which of the following has the highest density?**
a) CO₂
b) O₂
c) He
d) N₂

Which type of bond is the weakest?
a) Ionic solid
b) Molecular
c) Metallic
d) Covalent network

Which of the following is a crystalline solid?
a) Plastic
b) Glass
c) Rubber
d) SiO₂

If pressure is increased in the reaction:
CaO+CO2 ⇌ CaCO3
what will happen?
a) The reaction will shift towards the products (CaCO₃ formation).                                                            b) The reaction will shift towards the reactants (CaO and CO₂).                                                                  c) The reaction will remain unchanged.                                                                                                             d) The reaction will stop completely.

Which type of bond is present in NaCl?
a) Covalent bond
b) Ionic bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Hydrogen bond

What is the correct IUPAC name for CH₃-C≡C-CH₃?
a) Butane
b) Butene
c) Butyne
d) Butanol

Which of the following is an aromatic compound?
a) Methane
b) Ethene
c) Benzene
d) Propane

Conversion of ester into carboxylic acid is called?
a) Hydrogenation
b) Halogenation
c) Hydrolysis
d) Oxidation

If a solid converts into vapor without turning into liquid and then directly back to solid, the process is called?
a) Evaporation
b) Condensation
c) Sublimation
d) Freezing

Dehydration of alcohols is typically carried out in the presence of:
A) H₂SO₄
B) H₂O
C) KMnO₄
D) NO₂

Which functional group is present in aldehydes?
A) -OH
B) -COOH
C) -CHO

The conversion of an ester into an aldehyde is called:
A) Reduction
B) Esterification

The hybridization of carbon in alkynes is:
A) sp
B) sp²
C) sp²d
D) sp³

The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas and then back to a solid without passing through the liquid state is called:
A) Evaporation
B) Condensation
C) Sublimation
D) Fusion

Which of the following best defines sublimation?
A) The process of a liquid changing into a gas
B) The process of a solid changing directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state
C) The process of a gas changing into a liquid
D) The process of a solid melting into a liquid

Which of the following processes has negative enthalpy change (ΔH)?                                                      A) Melting of ice
B) Evaporation of water
C) Combustion of fuel
D) Boiling of liquid

The process by which an ester is converted into a carboxylic acid is called:
A) Esterification
B) Hydrolysis
C) Reduction
D) Combustion

The building blocks of proteins are called:
A) Monosaccharides
B) Fatty acids
C) Amino acids
D) Nucleotides

The atomic number of the element with the electronic configuration[Ar]
4s² is:
A) 18
B) 19
C) 20
D) 21

Which process is used to convert an alkyne into an alkane?
A) Oxidation
B) Hydrogenation
C) Hydrolysis
D) Combustion

When esters react with HI (hydroiodic acid), the products formed are:
A) Carboxylic acid
B) Alcohol
C) Phenol
D) Alkane

Which of the following plays a role in carrying genes?
A) Nucleic acids
B) Lipids
C) Proteins
D) Carbohydrates

If a semiconductor is heated, it changes into a:
A) Conductor
B) Insulator
C) Metal
D) Superconductor

Which of the following is an example of a reaction with negative
enthalpy change (ΔH)?
A) Melting of ice
B) Evaporation of water
C) Combustion of methane
D) Boiling of liquid nitrogen

For the reaction:
CaCO3 ⇌ CaO + CO2
If the pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift toward:
A) Formation of more CaO and CO₂
B) Formation of more CaCO₃
C) No effect on equilibrium
D) Complete decomposition of CaCO₃

Which transition element plays a role in providing oxygen to the blood?                                                    A) Copper (Cu)
B) Iron (Fe)
C) Zinc (Zn)
D) Chromium (Cr)

What is the oxidation state of phosphorus (P) in H₃PO₄?
A) +3
B) +4
C) +5
D) 0

What are the units of the rate constant (k) for a third-order reaction?
A) L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹
B) mol⁻² L² s⁻¹
C) mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹
D) L² mol⁻² s⁻¹

Which of the following gases spreads (diffuses) the fastest in air when released?
A) NH₃ (Ammonia)
B) CO (Carbon monoxide)
C) O₂ (Oxygen)
D) N₂ (Nitrogen)

A 50 N force acts on a body to move 10 m in a horizontal direction with an angle 30
Find the work done.                                                                                                                                                  a) 500 J
b) 250 3 J
c) 250 J
d) 500 3 J

An object having a diameter of 500 mm and torque is 100 Nm. What will
be the force?
a) 200 N
b) 400 N
c) 100 N
d) 50 N

Find the sum of the first eight terms of an A.P. whose first term is 2andcommon difference is 3.           a) 80
b) 92
c) 104
d) 116

Find the eighth term of a G.P. if the first term is 1 and the common ratio is 2.                                              a) 64
b) 128
c) 256
d) 512

If a collision is perfectly elastic, then what is conserved?
a) Momentum only
b) Kinetic Energy only
c) Both Momentum and Kinetic Energy
d) Neither Momentum nor Kinetic Energy

Find the coordinate point on the y-axis, equidistant from(1,5) and (5,9).                                                    a) (0,10)
b) (0,5)
c) (0,7)
d) (0,9)

Find the 8th term of an A.P. if the sequence is 1, 4, 7, 10, ...                                                                          a) 22
b) 25
c) 28
d) 31

Which of the following is commonly used as a catalyst in the
dehydration of alcohols?
A) H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid)
B) KMnO₄ (Potassium permanganate)
C) NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)
D) AgNO₃ (Silver nitrate)

A compound contains 2.4 g of oxygen and 2.7 g of element Y. If thecompound could be either YO or Y₂O₃, what is its empirical formula?                                                                                                                  A) YO
B) Y₂O₃
C) Y₃O₂
D) Y₂O

When a carboxylic acid reacts with NaOH (sodiumhydroxide), whichof the following is formed?
A) Ester
B) Salt and water
C) Alcohol
D) Aldehyde

Which process converts a liquid directly into a gas without boiling?                                                          A) Precipitation
B) Sublimation
C) Evaporation
D) Crystallization

Which halogen is commonly used to sterilize drinking water?
A) Chlorine
B) Bromine
C) Iodine
D) Fluorine

What is the standard coefficient of enthalpy of combustion?
A) Negative
B) Positive
C) Infinite
D) None

What is the coefficient of enthalpy of formation?
A) Positive
B) Negative
C) Infinite
D) Can be positive or negative

When does a real gas behave like an ideal gas?
A) Low pressure, high temperature
B) Low temperature, high pressure
C) Low temperature, low pressure
D) High temperature, high pressure