A cofactor made of an inorganic ion which is detachable is called?
A) Prosthetic group
B) Coenzyme
C) Activator
D) Cofactor

In seminiferous tubules, repeated division of the germinal epithelium produce?
A) Oogonia
B) Spermatogonia
C) Ovogonia
D) Spermatocyte

The loss of liquid via the hydathodes is called:
A) Ascent of sap
B) Plasmolysis
C) Imbibition
D) Guttation

Cooperation of the two photosystems of the chloroplast is required for _________.                          A) ATP synthesis
B) Reduction of NADP
C) Cyclic photophosphorylation
D) Oxidation of the reaction center of photosystem I

The dense fluid-filled region in the chloroplast is?
A) Grana
B) Stroma
C) Thylakoid
D) Intergrana

Which of these cell organelles are involved in the synthesis of new plant cell
walls?
A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi complex
D) Cell membrane

The target cells of this hormone are present in kidney tubules.                                                                   A) Aldosterone
B) Corticosterone
C) ADH
D) Noradrenaline

Human immunodeficiency virus is:
A) An RNA enveloped virus
B) A DNA enveloped virus
C) An RNA non-enveloped virus
D) An DNA non-enveloped virus

Golgi complex was discovered by which scientist?
A) Robert Brown
B) Camillo Golgi
C) De Duve
D) Robert Hooke

Which among the following lacks the nervous system?
A) Flatworms
B) Annelida
C) Cnidaria
D) Sponge

In non-competitive inhibition, the extent of inhibition depends only on?
A) Concentration of enzyme
B) Concentration of substrate
C) Concentration of ES complex
D) Concentration of inhibitor

Which of the following was the first virus isolated and studied under the electron microscope:
A) HIV
B) Rabies Virus
C) Pox viruses
D) TMV

Which of the following chemical activity is involved in the conversion of
pyruvate into acetaldehyde during aerobic respiration?
A) Reduction
B) Decarboxylation
C) Oxidation
D) Phosphorylation

Which cell organelle is incorrectly matched with its function?
A) Chloroplast – carbon fixation
B) Mitochondria – ATP synthesis
C) Cell membrane – cell recognition
D) Golgi apparatus – intracellular digestion

The reflexes such as vomiting, coughing, and sneezing are controlled by which of the following?
A) Pons
B) Cerebrum
C) Cerebellum
D) Medulla oblongata

Which of the following binds with an enzyme, other than the active site?                                                A) Activator
B) Substrate
C) Competitive inhibitor
D) All

Which method of gaining immunity can be described as natural active
immunity?
A) Feeding on colostrum
B) Inhaling the chicken pox virus
C) Injection with antibodies
D) Through the placenta

Scapula is a:
A) Tail bone
B) Hip bone
C) Skull bone
D) Shoulder bone

The enzymes required in glycolysis are present in:
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Cell cytoplasm
C) Inner mitochondrial membrane
D) Matrix of mitochondria

A non-protein part essential for proper and essential functioning of an enzyme is called:
A) Additional factor
B) Cofactor
C) Efficient cofactor
D) Extra factor

The hormone which controls the uptake of the sodium ions in the kidneyandits maintenance in blood plasma is:
A) Somatotrophic hormones
B) Aldosterone hormones
C) Gonadotrophic hormones
D) Thyroxin hormones

Which of the following represents an empirical formula?
a) C₂H₆
b) C₆H₁₂O₆
c) CH₂O
d) H₂O₂

Which of the following gases has the highest rate of diffusion?
a) Argon (Ar)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
c) Oxygen (O₂)
d) Helium (He)

The process by which a solid changes into a gas and then back intoasolid without passing through the liquid state is called:
a) Condensation
b) Evaporation
c) Sublimation
d) Fusion

The process by which a solid changes into a gas and then back intoasolid without passing through the liquid state is called:
a) Condensation
b) Evaporation
c) Sublimation
d) Fusion

Which one of the following is a crystalline solid?
a) Quartz (SiO₂)
b) Glass
c) Rubber
d) Plastic

Which one of the following is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
a) Methane
b) Ethene
c) Benzene
d) Cyclohexane

What is the IUPAC name of CH₃-CH=CH-CH₃?
a) Propene
b) Butane
c) Butene
d) Ethene

Oxidation of alcohols occurs in the presence of:
a) H₂SO₄
b) NaCl
c) NaOH
d) KMnO₄

Which device is used to convert chemical energy into electrical
energy?
a) Generator
b) Battery
c) Transformer
d) Capacitor

An element "V" reacts with O₂ to form a compound with an empirical
formula. What does the empirical formula represent?
a) The exact number of atoms in the molecule
b) The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compound                                                                  c) The molecular mass of the compound
d) The structural arrangement of atoms

What type of bond is present in NaCl?
a) Covalent bond
b) Ionic bond
c) Metallic bond
d) Hydrogen bond

The conversion of an ester to a carboxylic acid occurs through which reaction?
a) Hydrogenation
b) Hydrolysis
c) Oxidation
d) Reduction

Which of the following is an example of a crystalline solid?
a) Glass
b) Rubber
c) Quartz (SiO₂)
d) Plastic

What is the hybridization of ethyne (C₂H₂)?
a) sp³
b) sp²
c) sp
d) sp³d

What is the name of the structural formula of butane (C₄H₁₀)?
a) Alkene
b) Alkyne
c) Alkane
d) Aromatic compound

What is the functional group of aldehydes?
a) –OH
b) –COOH
c) –CHO
d) –NH₂

Halogens exist as:
a) Monoatomic
b) Diatomic
c) Triatomic
d) Polyatomic

Alkenes are converted into alkynes by the process of:
a) Hydrogenation
b) Halogenation
c) Dehydrohalogenation
d) Hydration

Which type of solid has the least melting point?
a) Covalent network solids
b) Molecular solids
c) Ionic solids
d) Metallic solids

What is the hybridization of C₂H₂ (ethyne)?
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) None of these

If the simplest whole-number ratio of a compound containing element
Y and oxygen is required, which of the following represents its
empirical formula?
a) YO
b) YO₂
c) Y₂O₃
d) Y₃O₂

Which reagent is commonly used in the oxidation of aldehydes?
a) H₂SO₄
b) H₂O₂
c) NaCl
d) NH₃

Oxidation of alcohols occurs in the presence of:
a) H₂SO₄
b) NaCl
c) NaOH
d) KMnO₄

The process of converting chemical energy into electrical energy is
called?
a) Fuel cell
b) Galvanic cell
c) Electrolytic cell
d) Transformer

In which condition does no more solute dissolve in a solution?
a) Dilute
b) Saturation
c) Supersaturation
d) Unsaturated

The conversion of ether into carboxylic acid occurs through which process?
a) Hydrogenation
b) Oxidation
c) Hydrolysis
d) Reduction

The process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without
passing through the liquid state is called:
a) Evaporation
b) Condensation
c) Sublimation
d) Melting

Which of the following is a crystalline solid?
a) Glass
b) Rubber
c) Quartz (SiO₂)
d) Plastic

What is the functional group of aldehydes?
a) –OH
b) –COOH
c) –CHO
d) –NH₂

Carboxylic acid is converted into an ester by which reaction?
a) Oxidation
b) Esterification
c) Reduction
d) Hydrolysis

Which device converts chemical energy into electrical energy?
a) Generator
b) Battery
c) Transformer
d) Capacitor

If one word consists of 4 bytes, how many words can be storedin500GB?
(A) 125 × 10⁹ words
(B) 250 × 10⁹ words
(C) 500 × 10⁹ words
(D) 1000 × 10⁹ words

Why are different types of files used in databases?
A) To store data more efficiently
B) To improve performance and manageability
C) To support different types of database operations
D) All of the above

If the variable NUM is an integer, which printf format specifiershould be used to print its value?
A) printf("%d", NUM);
B) printf("%f", NUM);
C) printf("%x", NUM);
D) None of the above

Which type of virus executes in the middle of a programand modifiesits execution?
A) Boot Sector Virus
B) File Infector Virus
C) Macro Virus
D) Resident Virus

Hub is used to connect nodes in which network topology?
A) Star
B) Bus
C) Mesh
D) Ring

Satellites use which type of waves to communicate?
A) Infrared
B) Microwaves
C) X-rays
D) Radio waves

Customized software is used for?
A) For operating system
B) For different tasks
C) These are designed according to the specific requirements of the user
D) None of the above

Which of the following is used to control and manage hardware
devices?
A) Device Linking
B) Device Driver
C) Device Manager
D) Device Controller

500GB in MB will be?
A) 500 × 1024 MB
B) 500 × 1000 MB
C) 500 × 1048 MB
D) 500 × 1012 MB

Which OSI layer is responsible for representing data in a readable for mat?
A) Physical Layer
B) Presentation Layer
C) Data Link Layer
D) Transport Layer

What is used to connect multiple networks together?
A) Star
B) Ring
C) Mesh
D) Bus

If 500GB can be converted to MB, then find x in the given equation:
500GB = x MB
A) x = 500 × 1000
B) x = 500 × 1024
C) x = 500 × 1048
D) x = 500 × 1012

An alphanumeric data type is used to store which type of values?
A) Only numbers
B) Only letters
C) Both letters and numbers
D) Only special characters

Which is the best method for data transmission in a Token Ring net work?
A) CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection)
B) CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Avoidance)
C) Token Passing Scheme
D) Polling

Which type of network covers an area under a city?
A) WAN (Wide Area Network)
B) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
C) LAN (Local Area Network)
D) PAN (Personal Area Network)

If there are 4 bits in one word, then how many bits are there in 1GB?                                                       A) 1 × 8 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 4
B) 1 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 4
C) 1 × 1000 × 1000 × 1000 × 4
D) 1 × 1024 × 1000 × 1000 × 4

Which type of cable uses light signals for data transmission?
A) Twisted Pair Cable
B) Coaxial Cable
C) Fiber Optic Cable
D) Ethernet Cable

Hub is used to connect nodes in which topology?
A) Star
B) Bus
C) Mesh
D) Ring

How many MB are there in 2GB?
A) 2000 MB
B) 2024 MB
C) 2048 MB
D) 1024 MB

How many Bytes are there in 1GB?
A) 1 × 1000 × 1000 × 1000 Bytes
B) 1 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 Bytes
C) 1 × 1024 × 1000 × 1000 Bytes
D) 1 × 1000 × 1024 × 1024 Bytes

Convert 500GB into MB. 500 × 1000 MB
A) 500 × 1024 MB
B) 500 × 1048 MB
C) 500 × 1012 MB

Convert 1024 Bytes into KB.                                                                                                                                A) 1 KB
B) 8 KB
C) 1024 KB
D) 0.5 KB

Artificial satellites use which type of waves to communicate?
A) Infrared Waves
B) Microwaves
C) X-rays
D) Ultraviolet Waves

Which format specifier is used in C to print the address of a variable?                                                          (A) %d
(B) %s
(C) %p
(D) %f

What happens if an unauthorized person accesses the data?
(A) The person may halt the data.                                                                                                                       (B) The data will be stored in a long file.                                                                                                           (C) The data can be processed.                                                                                                                          (D) It may lead to a security breach.

What is the purpose of a device driver in a computer?
(A) To operate system software
(B) To enable communication between hardware and the operating system
(C) To increase the speed of the processor
(D) To store data permanently

What is the function of input devices in a computer?
(A) They display information to the user.                                                                                                        (B) They process data and generate output.                                                                                                       (C) They send data and instructions to the computer for processing.                                                      (D) They store data permanently.

What is the purpose of custom-built software?
(A) It is pre-defined and used by everyone.                                                                                                        (B) It is specifically designed to meet the needs of a particular user or
organization.                                                                                                                                                               (C) It is a type of hardware component.                                                                                                           (D) It is used only for gaming purposes.

What is the purpose of application software?
(A) To manage hardware components of a computer
(B) To help users perform specific tasks such as word processing or
browsing
(C) To operate and control system hardware
(D) To convert programming languages into machine code

Black holes are regions of spacetime where gravity is so strong that
nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light—canescape from them. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficientlycompact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundaryof
the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon.

: Which of the following best defines the event horizon of a
black hole?
a) The center of the black hole where gravity is strongest.                                                                             b) The boundary beyond which light cannot escape.                                                                                     c) The point at which a star collapses to form a black hole.                                                                         d) The region where new particles are created.

While black holes are often portrayed as cosmic vacuum cleaners, suck in gup everything in their path, they do not actively "suck" in the way a vacuum cleaner does. Instead, objects must cross the event horizon to be truly trapped. Outside the event horizon, objects can orbit a black hole just as
planets orbit a star

According to the passage, why is the analogy of a "cosmic
vacuum cleaner" misleading for black holes?
a) Black holes only consume gas and dust, not larger objects.                                                                     b) Objects must cross the event horizon to be trapped, they are not actively pulled in from afar.       c) Black holes repel objects that come too close.                                                                                            d) Black holes primarily emit radiation, rather than absorbing matter.

The existence of black holes is strongly supported by astronomical
observations, particularly of X-ray emissions from binary star systems andthe motion of stars near galactic centers. These observations provide indirect
evidence for the presence of extremely compact, massive objects that fit the theoretical description of black holes.

What kind of astronomical observations provide evidence for
the existence of black holes?
a) Direct imaging of the black hole's surface.                                                                                                   b) X-ray emissions from binary star systems and stellar motion near galactic centers.                         c) Detection of gravitational waves from distant galaxies.                                                                            d) Analysis of the chemical composition of interstellar gas

Black holes are generally classified into four types based on their mass:
stellar black holes, intermediate-mass black holes, supermassive blackholes, and primordial black holes. Stellar black holes form from the gravitational
collapse of massive stars, typically possessing masses a few times that of our
Sun.

What is the primary method of formation for stellar blackholes?                                                                a) The collision of two neutron stars.                                                                                                                 b) The accretion of matter onto a white dwarf.                                                                                                c) The gravitational collapse of a massive star.                                                                                                  d) The explosion of a supernova remnant.

Supermassive black holes reside at the centers of most galaxies, in cludingour own Milky Way. Sagittarius A* (pronounced "Sagittarius A-star") is the super massive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, with a mass
estimated to be about 4 million times that of the Sun

Where are supermassive black holes typically found?
a) In the outer regions of galactic halos.                                                                                                                b) At the centers of most galaxies.                                                                                                                       c) Scattered throughout globular clusters.                                                                                                       d) In the empty voids between galaxy clusters.

Hawking radiation, proposed by Stephen Hawking, is a theoretical
prediction that black holes emit thermal radiation. This radiation is due to quantum effects near the event horizon. While yet to be directly observed, it
suggests that black holes are not entirely "black" and may eventually
evaporate over incredibly long timescales.

What does the theory of Hawking radiation suggest about blackholes?
a) They can be used as a source of clean energy.                                                                                              b) They eventually evaporate due to emitted thermal radiation.                                                                   c) They are composed primarily of dark matter.                                                                                             d) They are constantly growing in size without limit.

The singularity is the theoretical point at the center of a black hole where the density of matter and the spacetime curvature become infinite. This concept
arises from the predictions of general relativity, but it also indicates a
breakdown of the theory under such extreme conditions, suggesting the need for a more complete theory of quantum gravity.

What is a "singularity" in the context of a black hole?
a) The boundary where light escapes.                                                                                                                b) A point of infinite density and spacetime curvature.                                                                                   c) A region of intense X-ray emission.                                                                                                              d) The outer edge of the black hole's influence.

Accretion disks are formed around black holes when gas and dust from near by stars or interstellar clouds spiral inwards due to the black hole's
immense gravity. As the matter in the disk orbits faster and heats up, it emits intense X-rays, providing another indirect way to detect black holes.

How do accretion disks help in detecting black holes?
a) They reflect visible light, making the black hole visible.                                                                            b) They emit strong radio waves that can be directly observed.                                                                      c) The heated matter in the disk emits intense X-rays.                                                                                  d) They create a magnetic field that is easily measurable.

Tidal forces near a black hole can be incredibly strong. If an object, such as a star, gets too close, these forces can stretch it apart, a process sometimes
referred to as "spaghettification." This is due to the extreme difference in gravitational pull across the object's length

What phenomenon occurs when an object gets too close toablack hole due to extreme tidal forces?
a) Nuclear fusion.                                                                                                                                                   b) Spaghettification.                                                                                                                                              c) Stellar acceleration.                                                                                                                                            d) Galactic rotation

Tidal forces near a black hole can be incredibly strong. If an object, suchasa star, gets too close, these forces can stretch it apart, a process sometimes
referred to as "spaghettification." This is due to the extreme difference in gravitational pull across the object's length.

What phenomenon occurs when an object gets too close to  a black hole due to extreme tidal forces?
a) Nuclear fusion.                                                                                                                                                   b) Spaghettification.                                                                                                                                              c) Stellar acceleration.                                                                                                                                               d) Galactic rotation.

While the direct observation of a black hole's event horizon is impossible due to light not escaping, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project has
succeeded in imaging the "shadow" of the supermassive black hole M87*. This shadow is caused by the bending of light around the black hole, providing strong visual evidence of its presence.

What did the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project
successfully image related to a black hole?
a) The direct surface of the black hole.                                                                                                               b) The shadow of a black hole.                                                                                                                            c) The gravitational waves emitted by a black hole.                                                                                             d) The accretion disk around a black hole in visible light.

Time-force graph shows:
a) Displacement
b) Acceleration
c) Force
d) Work

Velocity-time graph shows:
a) Displacement
b) Acceleration
c) Force
d) Work

Shape of velocity-time graph for constant acceleration is:
a) Straight line
b) Hyperbola
c) Ellipse
d) Parabola

A horse rider falls off when the horse stops suddenly due to:
a) Gravitational force
b) Inertia of motion
c) Friction
d) Elastic force

Power is the rate of:
a) Acceleration
b) Energy transfer
c) Mass increase
d) Displacement

Area under velocity-time graph gives:
a) Acceleration
b) Displacement
c) Force
d) Work

If velocity becomes half, the kinetic energy becomes:
a) Same
b) Double
c) One fourth
d) Four times

Displacement is a:
a) Scalar quantity
b) Vector quantity
c) Non-physical quantity
d) Constant quantity

A shaft turns through 5π radians and work is 25π J. Find the torque:
a) 2 Nm
b) 3 Nm
c) 5 Nm
d) 10 Nm

A car moves at 30 m/s, brakes suddenly. Friction = 6000 N. Find distance:
a) 60 m
b) 75 m
c) 90 m
d) 120 m

Power = 10 kW, Torque = 25π Nm. Find angular speed:
a) 8 rad/s
b) 10 rad/s
c) 12.73 rad/s
d) 15 rad/s

While swimming, which law is obeyed?
a) Newton's First Law
b) Newton's Second Law
c) Newton's Third Law
d) Law of Inertia

A ball strikes and rebounds. What happens to momentum?
a) Remains same
b) Changes direction
c) Doubles
d) Becomes zero

When temperature increases, thermal conductivity of metals:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) First increases then decreases

Which solids have highest M.P and B.P?
a) Ionic solids
b) Molecular solids
c) Covalent solids
d) Metallic solids

P.E. is max when spring is:
a) At natural length
b) Compressed
c) Stretched
d) Both b and c

Radius of Earth is R, object thrown with half escape velocity. Height
reached is:
a) R
b) R/2
c) R/3
d) 2R

A body (1 ton) at 30 m/s stops, friction = 800 N. Find distance:
a) 450 m
b) 562.5 m
c) 600 m
d) 720 m

Resistivity of a semiconductor:
a) Increases with temperature
b) Decreases with temperature
c) Remains same
d) First increases then decreases

Power = 3000 W, time = 5 min. Find energy:
a) 15000 J
b) 90000 J
c) 150000 J
d) 120000 J

Power of motor is:
a) Energy used
b) Rate of doing work
c) Resistance offered
d) Work per force

Motor energy is:
a) Voltage applied
b) Current squared
c) Energy stored
d) Rate at which motor works

For maximum current in circuit (R is external, r internal):
a) R = r
b) R = r/2
c) r = R/2
d) R = 2r

Wire with resistance R, as temperature increases drift velocity:
a) Increases then decreases
b) Remains same
c) Decreases
d) First decreases then increases

If pressure of 80 kPa applied on sound wave:
a) Halved
b) Increased
c) Decreased
d) No effect

When electricity is used for chemical change:
a) Electrolysis
b) Galvanization
c) Enthalpy
d) Entropy

P.E. increases when:
a) Ball falls down
b) Spring compresses
c) Ball thrown upward
d) Spring released

When electron attracts another:
a) P.E. decreases
b) P.E. increases
c) Becomes zero
d) Doubles

Velocity halved, K.E. becomes:
a) Same
b) One fourth
c) Halved
d) Doubled